What is required for a law enforcement officer to establish probable cause?

To establish probable cause, a law enforcement officer must rely on factual evidence that supports the belief that a crime has occurred. Probable cause is a legal standard that requires more than mere speculation; it necessitates a reasonable basis for believing that a suspect has committed a crime. This factual evidence can include observations made by the officer, physical evidence, and statements or testimony from witnesses that can be corroborated.

In contrast to the other options, which do not meet the legal requirements for probable cause—such as relying solely on hunches or opinions without factual backing, utilizing evidence obtained unlawfully, or considering witness statements that lack corroboration—factual evidence serves as a solid foundation for criminal investigation and action. Such a requirement helps ensure that the rights of individuals are respected while enabling law enforcement to effectively respond to criminal activity.