What does 19 CFR 162.3 permit customs officers to do on the high seas?

The regulation found in 19 CFR 162.3 provides customs officers with the authority to hail, stop, board, and check any U.S. vessel on the high seas. This power is essential for enforcing customs laws, ensuring compliance with regulations, and preventing illegal activities such as smuggling and trafficking.

When customs officers approach a U.S. vessel, they are exercising their responsibility to protect national security, safeguard interests related to trade and commerce, and uphold the rule of law beyond territorial waters. The ability to conduct these checks allows for a proactive stance in monitoring and regulating maritime activities, making it crucial for maintaining the integrity of U.S. waters and enforcing applicable laws.

The other options are more limited in scope or incorrect regarding the authority of customs officers. Specifically, referring to stopping foreign vessels or restricting checks to fishing vessels or commercial ships would not align with the broader regulatory intent intended by 19 CFR 162.3 concerning U.S. vessels on the high seas. This regulation specifically emphasizes the customs officers' responsibility over U.S. flagged vessels versus foreign ones or specific types of vessels.